all other possible factors and proving them to be statistically1 irrelevant2.
4、有的精通业务的大夫和研究职员虽然这类人不多，并且人数在进一步降低不那样一定吸烟草对人体健康有影响。他们觉得呼吸系统疾病和各种癌症的增多或许可以说是因为人类复杂环境中另外一些原因，即：空气的污染、大家精神重压的增大、经过加工的食品中的化学物质、或化学杀虫药引起的。农民目前很多用这类农药杀死昆虫和小动物。据他们说，那些患了癌症或肺病的人可能恰巧也住在工业区，或是吃了更多的罐头食品。但研究工作渐渐排除去其它原因的可能性，并且用统计数字证明这类原因是无关的。
5. Apart from the scientific statistics, it might be helpful to look at what smoking tobacco actually does to the human body.
Smoke is a mixture of gases, vaporized chemicals, minute particles of ash, and other solids. There is also nicotine3, which is
a powerful poison, and black tar4. As the smoke is breathed in, all these components5 form deposits on the membranes6 of the
lungs. One point of concentration is where the air tube, or bronchus, pides. Most lung cancer begins at this point.
5、除去科学统计以外，研究工作还能够帮助认清吸食烟草对人体的实质影响。吸烟产生的烟雾是一种混合的气体，包含气化的化学物质，极小的灰末微粒和其它固体，还有毒性非常强的尼古丁和黑焦油。当吸进烟时，所有这类成分就都沉淀在肺膜上。在气管和支气管分支的地方有一个集中点。大多数肺癌就从这里发端。
6. Smoking also affects the heart and blood vessels7. It is known to be related to Beurgers disease, a narrowing of the small veins8 in the hands and feet that can cause great pain and lead even to amputation9 of limbs.
Smokers10 also die much more often from heart disease.
6、吸烟也影响心脏和血管。现已查明吸烟与伯尔格氏病有关。这种疾病使手脚的细静脉不断缩小，从而引起剧烈疼痛甚至会致使截肢。吸烟者死于心脏病的也比不抽烟的人多得多。
7. While all tobacco smoking affects life and expectancy11 and health, cigarette smoking appears to have a much greater effect than
cigar or pipe smoking. However, nicotine consumption is not diminished by the latter forms, and current research indicates a causal
relationship between all forms of smoking and cancer of the mouth and throat. Filters and low tar tobacco are claimed to make smoking
to some extent safer, but they can only marginally reduce, not eliminate the hazards.
7、尽管吸食各种烟草都会干扰预期寿命和健康，但抽烟的影响要比抽雪茄和吸烟斗大得多。不过，后两种并不可以降低对尼古丁的吸食，并且当编者注：本篇文章写作日期较早。事实上，近年来美国抽烟人口比率与抽烟量一直在持续降低。依据美国疾病预防与控制中心的报告，2003年美国吸烟人口比率已经降低到21、6％。美国对抽烟有明确的法律规定：未满21周岁的人不能抽烟；在公共场合，如图书馆、教堂、超市、餐馆、公共汽车、地铁等处不能抽烟。美国对烟草行业的征税特别重，故烟价非常高，这也是限制抽烟的要紧手段。前的研究指出各式各样的抽烟都和口腔癌、喉癌有某种因果关系。据称过滤嘴烟和低焦油烟草能使抽烟在某种程度上比较安全，但这只能略微降低风险，而不可以消除风险。
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